/* Problem URL: https://codeforces.com/contest/2176/problem/D */ #include #include #include using namespace std; using namespace __gnu_pbds; template > using ordered_set = tree; #define V vector #define rmin(a, b) a = min(a, b) #define rmax(a, b) a = max(a, b) #define rep(i, lim) for (int i = 0; i < (lim); i++) #define nrep(i, s, lim) for (int i = s; i < (lim); i++) #define repv(i, v) for (auto &i : (v)) #define fillv(v) for (auto &itr_ : (v)) { cin >> itr_; } #define sortv(v) sort(v.begin(), v.end()) #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() using vi = vector; using vvi = vector; using vvvi = vector; using vvvvi = vector; using ll = long long; using vl = vector; using vvl = vector; using vvvl = vector; using vvvvl = vector; template auto operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &vec)->ostream& { os << vec[0]; for (size_t i = 1; i < vec.size(); i++) { os << ' ' << vec[i]; } os << '\n'; return os; } template auto operator>>(istream &is, vector &vec)->istream& { for (auto &i : vec) { is >> i; } return is; } template auto operator<<(ostream &os, const vector> &vec)->ostream& { for (auto &i : vec) { os << i[0]; for (size_t j = 1; j < i.size(); j++) { os << ' ' << i[j]; } os << '\n'; } return os; } template auto operator>>(istream &is, vector> &vec)->istream& { for (auto &i : vec) { for (auto &j : i) { is >> j; } } return is; } const int oo = INT32_MAX >> 1; const ll OO = INT64_MAX >> 1; void pre() { } #define TEST 1 void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vl a(n); cin >> a; const ll mod = 998244353; V>> graph(n); vvl inv(n); while (m--) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--, v--; graph[u].emplace_back(a[v], v); inv[v].push_back(a[u]); } V> act(n); rep(now, n) { sortv(graph[now]); sortv(inv[now]); inv[now].erase(unique(all(inv[now])), inv[now].end()); repv(j, inv[now]) { auto itr = lower_bound(all(graph[now]), make_pair(j + a[now], -1)); while (itr != graph[now].end() && itr->first == j + a[now]) { act[now][j].push_back(itr->second); itr++; } } } V> memo(n); function dp = [&](int i, ll prev) { auto itr = memo[i].find(prev); if (itr != memo[i].end()) { return itr->second; } ll &ans = memo[i][prev]; repv(j, act[i][prev]) { ans = (ans + dp(j, a[i]) + 1) % mod; } return ans; }; ll ans = 0; rep(i, n) { repv(j, graph[i]) { ans = (ans + dp(j.second, a[i]) + 1) % mod; } } cout << ans << '\n'; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); pre(); int t; (TEST && cin >> t) || (t = 1); while (t--) { solve(); } }